[dns-operations] K-root in CN leaking outside of CN
Davey Song
songlinjian at gmail.com
Mon Nov 8 07:23:50 UTC 2021
Hi Manu,
Is it still the case? I will try to outreach the people of AS4134 and
AS138457.
Best regards,
Davey
On Sat, 6 Nov 2021 at 12:18, Manu Bretelle <chantr4 at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> Based on https://root-servers.org/, there are a few root servers operated
> from Mainland China.
>
> How do we ensure that those are not advertised outside of China so DNS
> answers are not poisoned by the GFW?
>
> Are there any contracts that root in CN are supposed to follow to prevent
> this? Is the onus put on both the CN ASNs and their respective non-CN ASNs
> peers to not advertise/not accept the root range on those specific peering
> links? If so, how is it ensured that every operator knows about those rules?
> Is there any monitoring performed by root operators to ensure that leaks
> are being detected and possibly addressed?
>
> I don't believe this specific leak I am seeing is malicious, but rather is
> just a misconfiguration and I really wonder how this could be
> prevented/addressed early on.
> I have ran some probes in other regions and do not have proof that this is
> happening more widely than a specific AS, but this was not exhaustive and I
> could have very likely missed something.
>
> As for this specific problem, we have reached out to both the AS that is
> accepting the leak and RIPE NCC as we identified the issue, provided the
> ISP possible workaround in the meantime.
>
> Both DNSSEC and Qname minimization would have helped the resolver
> detecting bogus answers, or just getting to com. in the first place, while
> this would have helped, there is still an ongoing leak.
>
>
> Longer story for the ones that want to dig more into it....
>
> I am asking because we (FB/Meta) got reports from an ISP in MX which users
> were not able to access whatsapp.net. For instance, answer would be
> 199.59.149.244.... which is not quite the right answer....
>
> Some initial debugging from the ISP seemed to point to k-root acting up.
> e.g something alike:
>
> ```
> # dig +trace d.ns.facebook.com
>
> ; <<>> DiG 9.11.13 <<>> +trace d.ns.facebook.com
> ;; global options: +cmd
> . 518379 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
> . 518379 IN RRSIG NS 8 0 518400
> 20211117170000 20211104160000 14748 .
> inFOlh92Cxaf58/AdV/M4SZ37+MCm6PMOn6RNHDtE1MR6yvD0sfSPui9
> YR3o9Yix/55zuodOWkCh7A0mMosbC5v2gMeiR9iw5jWko5dU7tPPSMnL
> MZNgsRvIjuR80RWOJnvEVZyz45BXtFWd6UcCIG3BahAUSOXAWhqhkNP4
> gF6YeDsZHElhjvhWAzBA/44aFCJPT2nySKuzH4cGRulhO0remY6CHD4o
> 59fQooYT8lopP6SWdHOmDYhdb6/UBGDELd35QwGG0MDAMSie6jZGGkeb
> DhAuTFRWzboxlbqQw3nyYlH0Ot8lSatzhx0Cl0rNIBTboFQiWIUMgtVi PeRj0Q==
> ;; Received 1125 bytes from 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) in 0 ms
>
> ;; expected opt record in response
> d.ns.facebook.com. 65 IN A 31.13.67.19
> ;; Received 51 bytes from 193.0.14.129#53(k.root-servers.net) in 231 ms
> ```
>
> Looking a bit more into it:
>
> Querying d.ns.facebook.com/A against k-root directly from MX probes:
> https://atlas.ripe.net/measurements/33184386/
> ```
> $ blaeu-resolve -m 33184386 -q A d.ns.facebook.com
> [] : 13 occurrences
> [202.160.128.195] : 1 occurrences
> [199.59.148.97] : 1 occurrences
> [185.89.219.12] : 2 occurrences
> [31.13.96.193] : 1 occurrences
> [208.77.47.172] : 1 occurrences
> Test #33184386 done at 2021-11-05T20:36:59Z
> ```
>
> Getting an answer in the first place is kind of unexpected but I will not
> focus on the ones returning the correct answer (e.g 185.89.219.12).
>
> Checking the probes that return those results:
> ```
> ripe-atlas report --renderer dns_compact 33184386
> ...
> ...
> Probe #27558: 2021-11-05 13:36:59 NOERROR qr ra rd d.ns.facebook.com. 98
> A 202.160.128.195
> Probe #31355: 2021-11-05 13:37:01 NOERROR qr ra rd d.ns.facebook.com. 146
> A 199.59.148.97
> Probe #52013: 2021-11-05 13:37:01 NOERROR qr ra rd d.ns.facebook.com. 179
> A 31.13.96.193
> Probe #52660: 2021-11-05 13:37:00 NOERROR qr ra rd d.ns.facebook.com. 150
> A 208.77.47.172
> ...
> ```
>
> Those probes will fail to reach 193.0.14.129 (k-root) over TCP.
>
> Checking which id.server is returned by the k-roots reached by those
> probes:
>
> ```
> ripe-atlas measure dns --query-argument id.server --query-type TXT
> --query-class CHAOS --from-country MX --target 193.0.14.129
> https://atlas.ripe.net/measurements/33184807/
> ```
>
> where the interesting snippet is:
> ```
> $ ripe-atlas report --renderer dns_compact 33184807
> ...
> Probe #27558: 2021-11-05 14:08:54 NOERROR qr rd id.server. 0 TXT
> ns1.cn-ggz.k.ripe.net
> Probe #31355: 2021-11-05 14:08:55 NOERROR qr rd id.server. 0 TXT
> ns1.cn-ggz.k.ripe.net
> Probe #52013: 2021-11-05 14:08:55 NOERROR qr rd id.server. 0 TXT
> ns1.cn-ggz.k.ripe.net
> Probe #52660: 2021-11-05 14:08:55 NOERROR qr rd id.server. 0 TXT
> ns1.cn-ggz.k.ripe.net
> ...
> ```
>
> Traceroute from those probes to k-root:
> https://atlas.ripe.net/measurements/33184963/
>
>
> Looking at the traceroutes
> ripe-atlas report --renderer traceroute --traceroute-show-asns 33184963
>
>
> shows that the last AS before reaching a CN AS and also the first
> transiting AS from the probe is AS32098
>
> which when checking their looking glass: https://lg.transtelco.net/ uses
> path:
>
> Transtelco Inc. (AS PATH: 32098)
> ->
> Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (AS PATH: 4134)
> ->
> Not found (AS PATH: 58466)
> ->
> China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (AS PATH:
> 138457)
> ->
> Reseaux IP Europeens Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) (AS PATH:
> 25152)
>
> Thanks,
>
> Manu
> _______________________________________________
> dns-operations mailing list
> dns-operations at lists.dns-oarc.net
> https://lists.dns-oarc.net/mailman/listinfo/dns-operations
>
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